英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀試題：社會(huì)文化

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Now custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great importance. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace. As a matter of fact, it is the other way around. Traditional custom, taken the world over, is a mass of detailed behavior more astonishing than what any one person can ever evolve in individual actions. Yet that is a rather trivial aspect of the matter. The fact of firsi-rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and in belief and the very great varieties it may manifest.

No man ever looks at the world with pristine(未受外界影響的)eyes.He sees it edited by a definite set of customs and institutions and ways of thinking.Even in his philosophical probings he cannot go behind these stereotypes; his very concepts of the true and the false will still have reference to his particulartraditional customs. John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual as over against any way in which he can affect traditional custom, is as the proportion of che total vocabulary of his mother tongue over against those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the language of his family. When one seriously studies social orders that have had the opportunity to develop independently, the figure (比喻)becomes no more than an exact and matter-of-fact observation. The life history of the individual is first and foremost an adjustment to the patterns and standards traditionally handed down in his community. From the moment of his birth t

he customs into which he is born shape his experience and behavior. By the time he can talk, he is the little creature of his culture, and by the time he is grown and able to take part in its activities, its habits are his habits,its beliefs his beliefs, its impossibilities his impossibilities.

1.What is the author"s attiude towards custom as behavior at its most commonplace?

2.The great varieties of custom are taken by the author as the_________aspect of the issue.

3.According to John Dewey, we can impose______________influence on our cultural tradition.

4.The author tends to regard John Dewey"s idea as___________________.

5.An individual"s experience and behavior are influenced by the customs since he_____________.

答案：

1.[Negative./Disapproving.]

[定位]根據(jù)a its most commonplace查找到首段第2句。

解析：首段第2句提到，對(duì)于習(xí)俗，我們通常的看法是，那只是一種最平常的行為方式而已。下一句用As a matter of fact轉(zhuǎn)折，表示“事實(shí)上卻是另外一種情況”，由此可見(jiàn)，作者對(duì)人們關(guān)于習(xí)俗的那種通常的看法是不贊成的、否定的，因此本題答案為Negative./Disapproving.

2.[most/first-rate important]

[定位]根據(jù)the great varieties查找到首段末句。

解析：首段末句表明作者認(rèn)為最重要的事實(shí)是風(fēng)俗也可能有多種表現(xiàn)方式。也就是說(shuō)，風(fēng)俗的多種表現(xiàn)方式被作者當(dāng)成問(wèn)題最重要的一個(gè)方面，由于題目空白處后面是名詞aspect，所以應(yīng)把原文中的first-rate importance換成其形容詞形式，故本題答案為most/first-rate important。

3.[very little]

[定位]根據(jù)John Dewey和cultural tradition查找到第2段第4句。

解析：本題關(guān)鍵要弄懂John Dewey的話，他用了一個(gè)關(guān)于幼兒學(xué)母語(yǔ)的比喻來(lái)說(shuō)明一個(gè)人對(duì)傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗的反作用。John Dewey認(rèn)為“一個(gè)人咿呀學(xué)語(yǔ)時(shí)所創(chuàng)造出來(lái)并被自己家人接受的詞匯肯定比他母語(yǔ)的.所有詞匯少得多”，也就是說(shuō)，我們對(duì)傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗所施加的影響是極其微小的，所以空白處應(yīng)填人very little。

4.[an exact and matter-of-fact observation]

[定位]根據(jù)regard John Dewey"s idea查找到第2段第4、5句。

解析：第2段第4句提到John Dewey的觀點(diǎn)時(shí)用了一個(gè)比喻，下一句就表明了作者對(duì)這個(gè)比喻的看法，題目問(wèn)作者對(duì)John Dewey的觀點(diǎn)的看法也就等同于問(wèn)作者對(duì)這個(gè)比喻的看法，故no more than后的an exact and matter-of-fact observation就是本題答案。

5.[is born]

[定位]根據(jù)experience and behavior查找到第2段倒數(shù)第2句。

解析：題目與原文該句的內(nèi)容相同，原文中講到，從一個(gè)人誕生之日起，他所處環(huán)境的習(xí)俗就制約著他的體驗(yàn)和行為方式。空白處缺少謂語(yǔ)，而根據(jù)原文中的from the moment of his birth可知，此題since he后應(yīng)填is born。